On the abdominal side of the bee's body, there are wax glands whose ducts secrete wax that hardens into wax plates weighing 0.18 – 0.25 mg. The wax is light yellow to yellow-brown in color, depending on the amount of coloring substances from flowers. It has a pleasant scent reminiscent of honey. It is insoluble in water, partially dissolves in alcohol, and dissolves well in organic solvents.
The composition of beeswax is not fully researched. So far, around 290 different components are known. It contains esters of saturated fatty acids, free fatty acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, about 4000 IU of vitamin A per 100g, and numerous other components. Beeswax has a high degree of electrical resistance and insulating properties.
It plays an important role in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, as it is an essential part of many ointments, skin creams, and lotions. Chewing wax with honey, for example, from honeycomb caps or honey in the comb, is also recommended as a remedy for throat cleansing, in cases of frontal sinus inflammation, asthma, and hay fever. In baking, it is used for greasing baking trays. It is indigestible for the human body and is completely excreted.
Wax is used to make decorations and wax candles, which, with their pleasant natural light, scent, and long burning time, have no equivalent substitute.
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